Wednesday, April 7, 2010

Andorra - Organizations


There are about 10 human rights associations in the country, the most active being the Association of Immigrants in Andorra (AIA), which defends the rights of foreign residents. The Association of Andorran Women (AAW) focuses on women's rights. The Red Cross is also present within the country.
The Andorra Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Services works to support commercial and economic growth in Andorra by promoting commercial and industrial instruction; collaborating with the educational government in the administration of practical training for companies; coordinating trade fairs, exhibitions, and conventions; and supporting research programs.
The Youth Council of Andorra (Area de Jovent), founded in 1988, serves as a non-governmental platform for major youth and student organizations. The General Union of Andorran Students (Agrupacio General dels Estudiants d'Andorra (AGEA), founded in 1990, is a union of university students. Other youth NGOs include: the Andorran Red Cross Youth, Andorran Catholic Student Movement, and youth associations of Andorran Kiwanis, Lions and Rotary clubs. Andorra also sponsors an organization of the Special Olympics.

Andorra - Tourism, travel, and recreation


Tourism has brought considerable prosperity to Andorra and now constitutes the principal source of income. Visitors, mostly from France and Spain, come to Andorra each summer to attend the fairs and festivals, to buy consumer items at lower prices than are obtainable in the neighboring countries, and to enjoy the pleasant weather and beautiful scenery. There is skiing at Pas de la Casa and Soldeu in winter.
Shrines and festivals are both key attractions to tourists. Romanesque churches and old houses of interest are located in Ordino, Encamp, Sant Julía de Lória, Les Escaldes, Santa Coloma, and other villages. The best known is the shrine of Our Lady of Meritxell, Andorra's patroness, between Canillo and Encamp.
Pilgrims come from France and Spain to pay homage on 8 September, the festival day of Andorra's patroness. Each of the larger villages has its own festival during which the sardana , Andorra's national dance, is performed.
There is an International Music Festival each June and July, and an International Jazz Festival at Escaldes-Engordany in July. It is estimated that over 10,000 visitors enter Andorra each year.
In 2001, the US Department of State estimated the daily cost of a stay in Andorra at about $175.

Andorra - Libraries and museums

The National Library and National Archives founded in 1974 and 1975 respectively are located in Andorra la Vella; the library holds 45,000 volumes. There are five museums in the country: a regional museum in Sispony, a local general interest museum in Excaldes-Engordany, founded in 1987; a decorative arts museum in Ordino, also founded in 1987 and housed in a 17th-century house; a science and technical museum in Encomp focusing on the history of transportation; and in Andorra la Vella, a historical museum featuring stamps and postcards.

Andorra - Media


Automatic telephone service was begun in 1967; in 1998, there were 32,946 main line and 14,117 mobile cellular phones. Postal and telegraph services are handled by the Spanish and French administrations; a telex system was installed in 1970.
Radio programming was broadcast over two private stations, Spanish-owned Radio Andorra and French-owned Sud-Radio, until their contracts expired in 1981. The government then established new stations, ORTA (public) and Radio Valira, operated by Andorrans and supervised by the General Council.
As of 1998, there were 15 FM radios stations. Andorra does not have its own television stations; television transmission is provided through technical accords with the Spanish and French government networks. In 1997 there were 16,000 radios and 27,000 television sets.
The two main daily papers are the independent publications of Diari D'Andorra ( Andorra Daily —2002 circulation 3,000) and El Peridico de Andorra . Poble Andorra is a major weekly publication with a circulation of about 3,000. Other newspapers, with smaller circulations, are the dailies Independent and Informacions Diari, and the weeklies Correu Andorra and Informacions. French and Spanish newspapers are also widely available.
As of 2000, there was only 1 Internet Service Provider with an estimated 24,500 Internet users in 2001.
The Andorran Constitution ensures freedom of speech and press, and the Government is said to respect these rights in practice.

Andorra - Housing

Most Andorran houses are made of stone. Since the flat land is used for farm crops, the rural houses are frequently backed against the mountainsides. The high villages (cortals) are situated on a line between the highest fields and the lowest limits of high-level pastures. Isolated houses (bordes) are found at higher elevations. Many families maintain temporary dwellings in the highest pasture areas. All residents have access to safe water and sanitation systems.

Andorra - Education


By law, students must attend school until age 16. Education is provided by both French- and Spanish-language schools. The French government partially subsidizes education in Andorra's French-language schools; schools in the southern section, near Spain, are supported by the church. The local language, Catalan, has been introduced at a school under the control of the Roman Catholic Church. A total of 9,024 students attended the 18 schools in Andorra in 1991. In the 1990–91 academic year, 1,861 students were enrolled at infant schools, 5,584 at primary schools and 1,579 at secondary, technical, and special schools. In the 1990s, 95% of primary-school-age children were enrolled in school, while 47% of those eligible attended secondary school.
About 50% of Andorran children attend French primary schools, and the rest attend Spanish or Andorran school. In general, Andorran schools follow the Spanish curriculum, and their diplomas are recognized by Spain.
The University of Andorra was established in July 1997. It has a small enrollment and mostly offers long-distance courses through universities in Spain and France. The majority of secondary graduates who continue their education attend schools in France or Spain. Virtually the entire adult population is literate. Andorra also has a nursing school and a school of computer science.

Andorra - Taxation

There is no income tax on the individual or corporate level. Employees pay social security taxes at rates of 5-9%; employers pay 13%. As of October 1991, a value-added tax had been enacted and was expected to impose charges of 1-7% on the production and import of goods. Also scheduled for implementation under the 1992 budget law were a registration tax on certain activities, to provide 8.6% of government revenues, and a tax on electricity consumption and telephone services to contribute 1.6% of state revenues.